“keep +宾语+宾语补足语”结构
此结构的含义为“使（宾语）处于……（状态）”。其中的“宾补”成分可以由很多结构充当。如形容词、介词短语、名词（组）或动词的-ing形式等。
“keep sb. / sth. +形容词”结构，如在keep one’s eyes closed这一短语中，动词keep表示“保持”，形容词closed表示“闭着”。连起来可理解为“使眼睛闭着状态”，即“闭着眼”。再如：
Keep the box open, please.请让这个箱子开着。
This little girl always keeps her room nice and clean.这个小女孩总是使房间保持美观整洁。
“keep sb. / sth. +介词短语”也是一种常用结构，如：
Don’t come in, I must keep you outside the door.别进来，我得把你堵在门外面。
He kept his hands behind his back.他一直把手放在背后。
“keep sb. / sth. +动词-ing”结构的用法，这个结构意为“让某人或某物（长时间地）进行着某个动作”。如：
The teacher kept Bob standing for ten minutes.老师让Bob站了十分钟。
辨析along，down 和 up
作介词时，它们均能表示“顺着”，“沿着”，后面一般接表示河流，街道，道路的名词。如：
Go down/along this road and take the first turning on the left.
沿着这条马路走，在第一个拐弯处向左拐。
We often take a walk along/down/up the road.我们经常沿着这条路散步。
要注意的是：介词“down”有时含有“在下游”的意思，介词“up”则含有“在上游”的意思。如：
The house is 300 metres up/down the river.房子在这条河上游/下游300米处。
down含有离说话人而去的意思，介词up则含朝说话人而来之意，along 不强调方向。试比较：
Who’s the man coming up/going down the road?沿着这条路走来/走去的那个人是谁？
另外，介词up有向上之意，介词down则有“往下”之意。如：
The cat is running up the tree.猫正往树上爬去。
The dogs are running down the hill.狗正从山上跑下来。
这三个词还可用作副词，意为“向前”，如：
The farm is about 30 metres along.农场大约在前面30米远处。
Please walk down. Don ' t come up.请往前走，别朝这儿来。
教学设计示例
Lesson 21
Period: The First period
Content: Lesson 21
Properties: Map, recorder.
Teaching Objectives: Show places on the map; ask for and give directions in the simplest way.
Language Focus:
in front of, next to, on the left/right side, Thank you all the same.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Organizing the class
Greeting and a duty report.
II. Revision
Revise the language focus in the last unit.
Ⅲ. Leading - in
1. Make conversations with several students, like
Teacher: Excuse me. Where’s the nearest …?
Excuse me. How far is ××× (an important place near school)?
Is there ××× near our school?
Students: Answer with the help of the teacher
Teacher: Thank you very much.
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