Have you been working here long ?
How long have you known him ?
※ 在否定句中，long 和 long time 的意思不一样。如：
He didn\'t speak for long . = He only spoke for a short time
He didn\'t speak for a long time . = It was a long time before he spoke .
23 . lift , put up , raise , rise 的析难
( 1 ) life ( 举起，抬起 ) ，指用体力或机械力将物体举起或拿起，强调物体的沉重，举起的时间和距离都较短。常可与 raise 换用，在口语中 like 比 raise 更常用。如：
Can you lift the stone ?
( 2 ) put up ( 举起，升起，挂起 ) ，后面通常跟“手，旗帜，窗帘”等名词。常用于口语。如：
If you have any questions , please put up your hands .
They are putting up some new pictures on the wall .
( 3 ) raise ( 举起，升高 ) ，该词强调把某人或某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。raise 还可用于借喻，如提高物价，提高生活水平等。如：
He raised the child from the ground .
Please raise your hands . 请举手。
She raised her eyes and looked at me .
( 4 ) rise ( 上升，上涨 ) 。是不及物动词，指事物本身从低处升 ( 涨 ) 到高处。
The river is rising after the rain . 雨后河水上涨。
The balloon slowly rose over the heads of the crowd . 气球在人群的上方慢慢上升。
24 . wish 与 hope 的用法异同
※ hope 一般表示预计有可能实现的事物。如希望做某事，希望得到某物或发生某事等。而 wish 除了可以表示可以实现的希望外，常用来表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，或者希望的与现状不一样。wish 还可用作祝愿。试比较：
I wish it were true . 但愿是事实。 ( 可惜不是事实 )
I hope it isn\'t true . 我希望这不是事实。 ( 可能不是事实 )
He hoped to get the first prize . 他希望获得一等奖。 ( 有可能实现的希望 )
She wished she were a bird . 她希望她是一只鸟。 ( 不可能实现的愿望 )
Wish you a happy new year .
※ 在否定句中，否定词通常放在 hope 或 wish 之后。如：
I hope she won\'t come . 我希望她不来。( 不能说 I don\'t hope she\'ll come )
※ wish 可接不定式或复合不定式。hope 可接不定式，但不接“宾语 + 不定式”的复合不定式。如：
She hoped to visit Beijing .
She wished to go there .
He wishes us to go swimming with him .
We hope him to get well soon . ( × )
We hope that he will get well soon . ( √ )
※ hope 和 wish 都能接宾语从句，但语气不一样。hope 所接的从句中，谓语动词用陈述语气。wish 所接的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用过去时 ( 或过去完成时等 ) 虚拟语气。
I hope it will be fine tomorrow .
I wish it was not raining .
【妙文赏析】
The Customer Is always Right
The manager of a shop was scolding one of his staff . “I saw you arguing with a customer , ”he said , “Will you please remember that in my shop the customer is always right . Do you understand ? ”
“Yes , sir , ”said the assistant . “The customer is always right . ”
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