First aid
4. ask, demand, inquire, question & require
1)ask是一个常用词,表示“问”的意思。
Did you ask the price of that ten-speed bicycle?你打听过那辆十速自行车的价钱了吗?
2)demand含有强硬、断然的意味。
I demand that you leave this place at once.我要求你立即离开此地。
3)inquire 多用于较正式的语体,通常只表示打听消息,寻求答案。
He inquired of the girl the way to the railway station.他问那女孩到火车站怎么走。
4)question 常表示一连串问题,有时则有盘问,审问之意。
①The questioning of the prisoner went on for hours.对那个囚犯的审讯延续了好几个小时。
5)require有按照权利来“要求”或“命令”之意。
Since he was involved in the case, the court required his appearance.由于他与此案有关,法庭令他出庭。
5.breathe & breath
1)breathe 是动词,是“呼吸”的意思。
He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train.他跑着赶上了火车,吃力地喘着气。
It is good to breathe fresh country air instead of city smoke.呼吸乡间新闻空气而不吸入城市烟尘是有益的。
▲注意以下几个习语的意思:
1)I can't concentrate with you breathing down my neck.你这样紧紧叮着我,使我精神无法集中。
2)Promise me you won't breathe a word of this to anyone.答应我别将此事泄漏给任何人。
3)The new manager has breathed fresh life into the company.新经理给公司带来了朝气。
2)breath是名词,也作“呼吸”解。
1)You can see people's breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。
2)His breath smelt of garlic.他呼出气中有蒜味。
▲注意以下习语的意思:
①Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气。
②Religion is the breath of life for her.宗教对她来说是不可缺少的精神支柱。
③It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race.赛跑后我们用了好几分钟才恢复了正常呼吸。
④The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.杂技演员走钢丝时,观众们都屏住了呼吸。
⑤His heart condition makes him short(out) of breath.他心脏状况不佳使他呼吸急。
⑥He lost his breath in running.由于奔跑他几乎喘不上气。
语法:情态动词(Modal Verbs)
1) must
A.表示必须要干的事。如:
We must obey the rules.我们必须遵守规则。
You mustn’t talk like that.你可不能那样说话。
must也可以表达过去情况,主要用于间接引语中。
She said that we must wait a little while.她说我们必须要等一会儿。
B.表示一种推测(只用于肯定句中,语气比may要肯定得多)。
must have则表示对过去情况的推测。例如:
This must be Tom’s room. 这准是Tom的房间。
Jack must have gone there, hasn’t he? / didn’t he?杰克准是去过那儿了,对不对?
C.比较:have to也表示“必须”,但have to更强调客观需要,must着重说明主观看法。如:
We had to be there at 10 o’clock.我们得在10点到那儿。(客观需要)
We must be back before 10 o’clock.我们必须10点前回来。(主观认为)
有时也可互换:
We must / have to leave now.我们得走了。
must和have to的否定式即mustn’t和don’t have to意思完全不同。Mustn’t表示“不作某事”,有禁止的含义;don’t have to表示“不必要(作某事)”,含有“客观上无此必要”的意思。例如:
You mustn’t move someone if the person is badly hurt.如果这人受了重伤,你一定不要动他.