He cleaned the room an hour ago，but its dirty now. (他一小时前打扫过 《英语教案－Water sports(第2页)》出自：www.89xue.com网
www.89xue.com 房间，可是现在房间又脏了。)
上面的例子表明：一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系；即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。而现在完成时，却正要强调过去的动作和现在的关系。
我们可以设计一对对用词相近而动词时态不同的句子，让学生说出它们意思上的差别，以帮助他们弄清现在完成时的含义以及它和一般过去时的不同。例如：
1）The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard.
The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard.
2） I’ve just washed my clothes.
I washed my clothes before supper.
2．英语动词的现在完成时态是由助动词have(has)+ 动词的过去分词构成的。规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同,即在原形后加-(-d)。可参考教参上的不规则动词的过分分词分类，以便记忆.
注1：情态动词只有原形过去式，没有过去分词。
can could may might must must will would shall should
注2：个别动词有两个过去式和两个过去分词，一个为规则变化，另一个为不规则变化：
3．为了使学生能掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的不同用法，可以编些带有这两种时态的对话，让学生进行英汉互译的口笔头练习。下面的对话供参考：
1) Have they cleaned the room?
Yes, theyve already cleaned it.
When did they clean it?
They cleaned it an hour ago.
2) She has gone to London, hasnt she?
Yes, she has.
How did she go there?
She went there by plane.
3) Have you got Kates phone call?
Yes, Ive just got it.
What did she say?
She wanted me to ask you to call back.
以上对话中的有关单词和短语，可用替换词语，以增加练习量。
关于训练听说读写能力的教学建议
一、听力训练
1.在对话与课文的教学当中，可设计先让学生想像对话的场景和可能发生的事情，再放对话的录音，加强学生的注意力，以达到提高听力的效果。
2.可在听录音这之前、听录音之后，分别给出不同的问题来引导学生在听的时候要有所侧重。如第6课的问题可设计如下：
I. What sports do you like best?
What is the surfing like?
Where did surfing first start?
o Why is Waikiki one of the best beaches for surfing in Honolulu?
o Who surfs three times a day if possible?
o How does Jake Booth make a living in Honolulu?
o When does he go surfing every day?
二、口语训练
1.设计场景，让学生反复练习句型对话，如：
1) Have they cleaned the room?
Yes, theyve already cleaned it.
When did they clean it?
They cleaned it an hour ago.
2) She has gone to London, hasnt she?
Yes, she has.
How did she go there?
She went there by plane.
3) Have you got Kates phone call?
Yes, Ive just got it.
What did she say?
She wanted me to ask you to call back.
2.在第5课的教学中，可让学生先根据课本中的图片，想一想Ted与Bruce在谈论什么，并根据提供的关键句，设计他们的谈话。可提供下列句型：
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