高二英语下册Unit15非谓语动词教案

 动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词。
    一、不定式:
    It is hard for me to do the work. 作主语
    He wants to speak at the meeting.作宾语
    I have a lot of work to do. 作定语
    He asked me to finish it in time. 作宾补
    My job is to help the patient.作表语
    He is too young to go to school. 作结果状语
    We were surprised to find him there. 作原因状语
    He spoke loudly to make herself heard. 作目的状语
    He went to his home, only to find he was out. 出乎意料的结果
    特点
    1)不定式短语做主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语,(例1)
    2)不定式作宾语,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后, 而用it作形式宾语,请看下句:
    I find it interesting to study English.
    3) 不定式作宾补,在feel, hear, listen to, look to, notice, observe, see, watch, have , let, make等词后的补足语,不定式不带to, 但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.
    二、动名词:
    动名词形式由"动词+ing"构成,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作
    主语,表语,宾语和定语。请看例句:
    1)Collecting information (收集信息)is very important to businessmen.作主语
    2) It is no use arguing with him.(与他争论)作主语
    3)She finished reading the book (看完这本书)yesterday. 作宾语
    4) He has a reading room. (书房)作定语
    特点:
    1.在it is no use/good, no any use/good, useless等后须用动名词作主语,泛指抽象动作.
    2 在finish,mind, enjoy, pactise, avoid, imagine, consider, feel like, keep, prevent, risk,suggest
    等词后,一定用动词的ing形式。
    3. 在forget, go on, like , mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,请看下列句型:
    1)我记得读过这本书.
    I remember reading the book. (指过去的动作)
    I must remember to read the book. (指将来的动作)
    2)我要设法提高我的英语口语。I'll try to improve my spoken English.
    敲门没人答应,试着敲后门。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
    3) 不要讲话。Stop talking.
    他停下来讲话。He stopped to talk.
    4) 我没打算伤害你。I didn't mean to hurt you.
    错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
    4. 动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别:
    动名词形式表示一般习惯,抽象概念,或已成过去的动作,不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定的动作,也可表示现在或将来的动作。
    Playing with fire is dangerous.   (泛指玩火)
    To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作)
    It's no use crying over spilt milk. 指抽象动作
    He realized that to go on like this was no use. 具体动作
    He has forgotten seeing me before. 指已成过去的动作

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